HOW TO BUILD A WOODEN HOUSE

Ah, a tree! A wonderful material for a country house! The hands has cut down, ошкурил ' and has built if not a cottage, then wooden. However it is necessary to know how to build. About it also we will talk.

The most simple technology of wooden housing construction has come to us from the recent Soviet past. It consisted first of all in possibility to get occasionally any wooden building materials: to buy boards second-hand, to drag from wood of the a little illegally cut trunks or, for example, to agree with children from the nearest power-saw bench which for a bottle will ship the car. Threw a call Further, convoking to the aid neighbors and relatives then without a special technological delicacy ' lifted ' the house. Like wooden, with a roof and the base, however sometimes to name a similar structure the house true language doesn't turn. Therefore we into consideration won't take such techniques.

Old kind technologies have developed and our far ancestors managing without a uniform nail to build a log hut and wooden palaces for monarchical persons applied still. Thus, notice, they didn't philosophize crafty as neither power-saw benches, nor the mills turning from logs cylinders, had no. As connected logs ' In the beginning cut down so-called ' cups ' then collected from logs wreaths. And that the wall didn't warp in one party, didn't forget to alternate at packing of wreaths a butt and trunk top to compensate usual logs. Here so also houses in Russia, were erected the staid many and many decades.

And now, though on a court yard the twenty first century, the technology by and large hasn't changed: if the choice has fallen on a log, that, in general, the algorithm of assemblage of the house will be about same. The principle of creation of a felling doesn't depend on that, two floors in the house or one, the small house or big, is decorated it by balconies-bay windows or surrounded on perimeter by a verandah. Though, it is necessary to recognize, experience of distant and near neighbors, and also the newest technological achievements introduce the corrective amendments and here.

For example, to a joint of logs now apply not only well-known ' Russian cup ', but also connection with the help of the Siberian groove or is used by the Norwegian operating time which have been thought over and reliable. And itself ' the cup ' has undergone changes, now it happens two types: simple (cylindrical or round) and difficult (with a multistage profile). Difficult ' the cup ' provides more dense and, accordingly, the best protection against a wind. In case of simple ' cups ' the problem dares making of a double layer of a sealant. Besides, responsible manufacturers do also all necessary grooves, apertures under engineering systems, under a roof angle of slope, without being limited ' to cups '.

The kind of a log which can be made now on the special equipment was transformed also and have strictly cylindrical form. It is clear that in that case, first, assemblage of wreaths goes much faster as there is no necessity to adjust a top of trunks to the bases means for painting and decorating (such log doesn't need any more the further furnish), secondly, are saved. And still manufacturers actively work over perfection of drying of wood, in some cases very much even is desirable. Now available manufacturers the equipment allows to dry up logs to 18'20, and in some cases and to 10'13 percent of humidity. That, naturally, considerably reduces a felling which at use of a log of natural humidity proceeds from three months about one year.

One more natural property of wood is that is occurrence in process of drying of cracks in a log. That the log hasn't burst in a foreground, manufacturers beforehand do the special compensatory has spent on drink, thanks to which the crack is formed on necessary, subsequently to the invisible party of a log, then preparation. However, more radical way of disposal of probable cracks wood drying is considered nevertheless. If the material is dried insufficiently up, apply other processing methods, in particular build the second, mansard floor on frame technology with the subsequent facing by a tree simulating a timbered felling. Weight of the top floor keeping the geometry, allows to get rid from non-uniform a ground floor felling. Even for struggle with use special vertical probes ' ' couplers ' which raise rigidity and allow to supervise.

For protection against a wind in building corners crosswise or wind locks which condense walls several times better, than at usual technologies are used.

Know-how for a bar

Bar use ' the same log only processed on a power-saw bench from four parties (the square section as a result turns out) became a serious mark in wooden housing construction. The bar happens different, for example integral natural humidity. A material good that to speak, but too not deprived of lacks. A principle of assemblage of houses from a bar the same ' at first wreaths, one after another, and from them already wooden ' a box '. However it too is exposed as the bar of natural humidity can easily ' move ' (that is to braid on a spiral), it will change the sizes and etc. Therefore one of exits here ' to be engaged in that drying that further the bar is only minimum changed the form. Drying a material, besides other, allows to prolong service life of the house without additional preventive actions, and also to reduce term of input of a structure in operation as in this case furnish can be begun right after felling assemblage, without waiting definitive усадки.

This technology assumes economy and at the expense of a thermal protection of walls. Walls from a bar turn out strictly certain thickness, unlike walls from logs of other types which application is fraught with formation ' cold bridges '. Even more to warm the house heater use between external and internal walls from a bar helps. It allows to reach high indicators even if the bar concerning a small thickness is used. The design from a bar with warming outwardly differs nothing from usual bar-shaped, but surpasses it on to properties and if the optimum size of section of a wall ' and at the price is chosen. Type walls ' a bar with warming ' completely answer to norms for constructions in Northwest region. Blowing off is excluded at the expense of the form of a profile providing dense of a bar, special ' the lock ', not supposing displacement of corners, and also at the expense of a coupler of separate elements of a design by hairpins, screws and. Well and, naturally, positive role is played by an effective heater between bar-shaped walls (and also between bars).

Safety of a bar provides both the profile form, and antiseptic processing a material. Though application of antiseptic tanks and, it is necessary to tell, as well concerns and constructions from a log. One of the modern know-how, allowing to protect rather vulnerable tree from a fungus, a mold and possible ignition, application of impregnating structures which in the market now it is a lot of is.

The technology of building of houses from a bar doesn't differ from erection above described designs. A material it, of course, another which practically aren't changing the sizes in the course of building (as from which the bar sticks together, before are well dried up), but a principle of assemblage the same.

However, nuances are and here. The matter is that the maximum length a bar which is let out by home producers, ' six meters. For construction of a scale country house ' certainly, poorly. It is necessary to resort to merging of bars that is always fraught with troubles. And the bar can be in the length even 18 meters (though in practice, in view of difficulties of transportation, it is used 12-meter more often). If the house big, its assemblage considerably becomes simpler owing to smaller quantity of assembly elements. Besides, use details serves as a guarantee of high bearing ability of a design.

Not a felling

Exactly: Not uniform designs wooden housing construction is live. Is still, for example, the technology under the name, at which bearing a house basis is a rigid skeleton from beams, racks and. Walls turn only to protecting designs and practically don't bear loading. It gives the chance to use any wooden materials at their erection.

Advantages such technology gives much, first of all it is economy of time as the frame design excludes усадку constructions (that is always interfaced to a multimonthly break in work). Besides, the bearing skeleton in this case plays not only a role of a reliable support, but can quite serve as the decorative element of a building dismembering a facade on the panel of different forms, colourings and giving to construction an original form. So it is completely not obligatory for hiding. On the contrary, it is very convenient for creation of the big glazed spaces, in particular at the equipment of the built in winter garden. The design, alas, ' brags of it ' can't, as big ' dredging ' under glass reduces durability of construction.

And here houses even glazed from different directions, very strong, stand decades, without demanding repair or serious renewal, therefore it is no wonder that in the European countries such cottages are very popular. Beams are made of modern wooden building materials, as a rule from a pine bar which well keeps the form, providing with that stability to a structure. Still it is necessary to add that with the help wooden beams it is possible to block wide flights so, to create in the house of a premise of the big area.

It is necessary to notice that the wooden skeleton as a basis of the future house becomes more and more popular. One of cheap variants of houses of this kind ' so-called ' a sandwich '. In the beginning the skeleton from a tree (as a rule, from a bar) which then outside and from within is sheathed by a wooden timbering is erected. Between it two layers lay a layer a material if it is required, pipes, ventilating channels and electroconducting in the same place hide. As a covering can act and a wood-shaving plate which then gets off under a classical wooden felling or the house from a bar.

At most 'advanced' a variant of a wall of such house gather at factory and represent huge panels into which double-glazed windows are already inserted, doors, and the effective heater and all necessary communications are inside laid. Special transport these panels are delivered to a building site, and it is literally for few days from them as from details of the designer, the cottage gathers. One of advantages of such technology ' as building can be conducted during any bad weather, including at minus temperature. It is possible to consider as its lack that only with the big stretch it is possible to name such panel houses wooden. In some cases for them even a wooden skeleton don't do, and simply bring the walls-panels made on the basis of the massive it is cement plates, and joint them.